PSY 335/PSY335 Week 3 Quiz

PSY 335/PSY335 Week 3 Quiz

How does physical growth in early childhood compare to infancy? (For e.g., what are changes in height and weight per year?) - -Physical growth rate slows compared to infancy -4-6 lbs a year

-2-3 inches a year

-  Erratic change of appetite

-  sometimes very hungry, sometimes no appetite at all

What taste preferences do kids in early childhood tend to have? - Preference for sweet and salty things

How can you get kids to develop a taste preference for things they initially dislike (e.g., vegetables)? - Expose them to a small amount at regular intervals to develop a taste preference (ex. Small amount of broccoli once a week for 8-10 weeks)

What are some of the reasons why kids don't like eating vegetables? - -Instinctively desire foods with lots of energy

-Why they crave sugary foods over vegetables since vegetables don't have much energy in them

-  Associate vegetables with less positive memories (cupcakes -> birthday, candy -> reward)

-Bitter tastes of vegetables imply potential toxicity

What types of strategies could you use to get kids to eat something they dislike? - -

Don't bribe/force them to eat

-Don't offer dessert as a reward

-Be patient with new foods

-Serve with familiar foods

-Be creative

-Modeling with your own eating habits

From a psych perspective, why might you not want to offer dessert as a reward for eating vegetables? - - they may already be done - want them to be able to recognize their own hunger cues

-  dont offer dessert as a reward

-  be patient

-  process of learning about the food and figuring it out

How does amount of sleep in early childhood compare to amount and type of sleep in infancy? - -Most newborns sleep 16 hours a day, but don't have sleep consolidation so every 2-3 hours they wake up

-Young children/toddlers sleep for 9-10 hours a day

 preschooler (3-5 years) sleep 9-10 hours at night with an hour or two nap during the

day

-  childhood is 7-8 hours less all the way through the night

What is bedtime resistance (or "bedtime problems")? Why might it occur? - Bedtime resistance: difficulty going to sleep

-  Stalling/Refusal to go to bed

-  stalling- bathroom, getting a drink, one last hug

-  refusal- cant make me go to bed

Causes:

-  insufficient or inappropriate limit setting

-  how a parent reacts

-  reinforce or ignore behaviors

-  parents struggling to set limits around bedtime

-  super nanny clip

What are some ways you could manage this resistance? (Make sure you know these four specific ways.) - 1. Extinction

-Withhold reinforcement for behaviors that used to be reinforced

-Ex. don't go into bed with them everytime they leave the bed and ask for you

2.  Positive routines

-Chain together a couple of different low-intensity pleasurable activities

-Ex. First we have a snack, then PJs, then brush teeth, then read bedtime stories, then mom sings a song, and she leaves